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Arava is a drug that works in a similar fashion to methotrexate and is similar in both response, and potential side effect. It inhibits the inflammatory cascade. It has similar precautions, especially against use in pregnancy, or for several months before planning on pregnancy. It also has some problems associated with liver toxicity and requires monitoring. The drug however is effective with response over 3-4 weeks, and has been shown to reduce erosions of the bone and joints. It reduces structural deterioration. This is therefore a major advantage in management of RA. Dose requires a loading dose of 100mg daily for 3 days and then a maintenance of 20mg per day. Monitoring requires at minimum baseline FBC, AST, ALT, GGT and pregnancy testing as required. The bloods should be repeated at 1 month then two monthly. Overdose or side effect may be treated using cholestyramine.
Main side effects include Nausea Rash Alopecia Hepatic enzyme elevation / hepatitis Anaemia, leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia
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